This is one of the biggest misunderstandings for foreigners in Colombia.

A visa controls your immigration status. Tax residency determines how Colombia may treat you for tax purposes.

Colombia’s tax residency rule generally counts people as tax residents if they remain in Colombia for more than 183 calendar days, continuously or not, including entry and exit days, during any 365-day period. If the 365-day period crosses two tax years, residency generally begins in the second tax year.

If you spend significant time in Colombia, track your days carefully.

Keep:

Entry and exit dates
Passport stamps
Flight records
Visa/cédula records
Colombian bank statements
Foreign income records
Tax filings from your home country
Property or business documents
Money transfer receipts

This is not a DIY guessing area. If you may cross the 183-day threshold, speak with a Colombian tax professional.